Advancing ChatGPT in Higher Education: Beyond Automation in Teaching Practices
Main Article Content
Keywords
Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, digital transformation, generative AI, higher education
Abstract
The emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, presents both opportunities and challenges for higher education. This study aims to promote ChatGPT usage at Chulalongkorn University, evaluate its impact on educational quality, and identify sustainable usage challenges and opportunities. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from 170 full-time faculty members through open-ended surveys and document analysis, utilizing thematic coding and the ADDIE framework. The findings reveal benefits such as enhanced personalized learning, improved content creation efficiency, and diverse applications across disciplines. AI stimulates critical discussions in Humanities and Social Sciences, facilitates clinical simulations in Health Sciences, and assists with coding in STEM. However, it also presents challenges such as ethical concerns, over-reliance on technology, and the need for critical verification skills. This study introduces a "Ladder Framework" for integrating AI into higher education, offering strategies to enhance teacher education and foster dialogue on AI’s role in the diverse ASEAN educational landscape.
References
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Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., & Wright, R. (2023). So what if ChatGPT wrote it? Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, Article 102642. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
El-Seoud, S. A., Ayman, S. E., Nagaty, K. A., & Karam, O. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on student learning/performing. The British University in Egypt. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28890.11205
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Hays, L., Jurkowski, O., & Sims, S. K. (2024). ChatGPT in K-12 education. TechTrends, 68, 281-294. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11528-023-00924-z
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Jeon, J., & Lee, S. (2023). Large language models in education: A focus on the complementary relationship between human teachers and ChatGPT. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 1587315892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639023-11834-1
Jukiewicz, M. (2024). The future of grading programming assignments in education: The role of ChatGPT in automating the assessment and feedback process. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 52, Article 101522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101522
Koh, E., & Doroudi, S. (2023). Learning, teaching, and assessment with generative artificial intelligence: Towards a plateau of productivity. Learning: Research and Practice, 9(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2023.2264086
Korseberg, L., & Elken, M. (2024). Waiting for the revolution: How higher education institutions initially responded to ChatGPT. Higher Education. Advance online publication. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10734-024-01256-4
Le, T. T. H., & Wan Ahmad, W. A. B. (2024). Leveraging ChatGPT in higher education institutions: Exploring usage, advantages, challenges, and the imperative for policy and regulations. In M. F. b. Romlie, S. H. Shaikh Ali, Z. B. Hari, & M. C. Leow (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Advancing and Redesigning Education 2023 (ICARE 2023) (Lecture Notes in Educational Technology). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-974507-4_76
Mogavi, R. H., Deng, C., Kim, J. J., Zhou, P., Kwon, Y. D., Metwally, A. H. S., Tlili, A., Bassanelli, S., Bucchiarone, A., Gujar, S., Nacke, L. E., & Hui, P. (2024). ChatGPT in education: A blessing or a curse? A qualitative study exploring early adopters' utilization and perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(1), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100027
Ngo, T. T. A. (2023). The perception by university students of the use of ChatGPT in education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 18(17), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i17.39019
Oster, N., Henriksen, D., & Mishra, P. (2024). ChatGPT for teachers: Insights from online discussions. TechTrends, 68, 640-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11528-024-00992-9
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. Basic Books. Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Robin, M., Santini, F., Ladeira, W., Sun, M., Day, I., Rather, A., & Heathcote, L. (2023). The role of ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits, challenges, and future research directions. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1). https://doi. org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.29
Royer, C. (2024). Outsourcing humanity? ChatGPT, critical thinking, and the crisis in higher education. Studies in Philosophy and Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11217-024-09946-3
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Uluçay, N. Ö., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations: A systematic literature review. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 524-539. https://doi. org/10.24191/ajue.v20i3.27869
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10.
Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.
Spatioti, A. G., Kazanidis, I., & Pange, J. (2022). A comparative study of the ADDIE instructional design model in distance education. Information, 13(9), Article 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090402
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561 023-00237-x
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Uluçay, N. Ö., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations: A systematic literature review. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 524–539. https://doi. org/10.24191/ajue.v20i3.27869
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10. Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.
Spatioti, A. G., Kazanidis, I., & Pange, J. (2022). A comparative study of the ADDIE instructional design model in distance education. Information, 13(9), Article 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090402
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. B. (2021). AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025
Allam, H., Dempere, J., Akre, V., & Ahamed, J. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: An argument of Chat-GPT use in education. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology Trends (ITT) (pp. 151-156). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ITT59889.2023.10184267
Asia-Europe Foundation. (2025). ASEFInnoLab White Paper for Universities on Navigating AI Innovation Ecosystems in AI for Sustainable Development. https://asef.org/publications/asefinnolab-white-paper-sustainable-development/
Bhullar, P. S., Joshi, M., & Chugh, R. (2024). ChatGPT in higher education – A synthesis of the literature and a future research agenda. Education and Information Technologies. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10639-024-12723-x
Buragohain, D., & Chaudhary, S. (2025). Navigating ChatGPT in ASEAN higher education: Ethical and pedagogical perspectives. Computer Applications in Engineering Education. https://doi. org/10.1002/cae.70062
Ching, Y. H., Hsu, Y. C., & Hung, A. (2024). Introduction to the special section on integrating generative AI in education. TechTrends, 68, 771-772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-024-00990-x
Christ-Brendemühl, S. (2024). Leveraging generative AI in higher education: An analysis of opportunities and challenges addressed in university guidelines. European Journal of Education, 60. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12891
Chulalongkorn University. (2023, July 17). Principles and guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence tools at Chulalongkorn University. https://www.chula.ac.th/en/news/125160/
Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., & Wright, R. (2023). So what if ChatGPT wrote it? Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, Article 102642. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
El-Seoud, S. A., Ayman, S. E., Nagaty, K. A., & Karam, O. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on student learning/performing. The British University in Egypt. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28890.11205
Fütterer, T., Fischer, C., Alekseeva, A., & others. (2023). ChatGPT in education: Global reactions to AI innovations. Scientific Reports, 13, Article 15310. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42227-6
Gill, S. S., Xu, M., Patros, P., Wu, H., Kaur, R., Kaur, K., Fuller, S., Singh, M., Arora, P., Parlikad, A. K., Stankovski, V., Abraham, A., Ghosh, S. K., Lutfiyya, H., Kanhere, S. S., Bahsoon, R., Rana, O., Dustdar, S., Sakellariou, R., Uhlig, S., & Buyya, R. (2024). Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging era of AI chatbots. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 4, 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.06.002
Hatmanto, E. D., & Sari, R. K. (2024). Exploring ChatGPT in language education: Pedagogical potentials and challenges. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(1), 109-122. https://doi. org/10.17509/ijal.v14i1.67890
Hays, L., Jurkowski, O., & Sims, S. K. (2024). ChatGPT in K-12 education. TechTrends, 68, 281-294. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11528-023-00924-z
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Hsu, Y. C., & Ching, Y. H. (2023a). Generative artificial intelligence in education, part one: The dynamic frontier. TechTrends, 67(4), 603-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00863-9
Hsu, Y. C., & Ching, Y. H. (2023b). Generative artificial intelligence in education, part two: International perspectives. TechTrends, 67(6), 885-890. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00913-2
Isiaku, L., Muhammad, A. S., Kefas, H. I., & Ukaegbu, F. C. (2024). Enhancing technological sustainability in academia: Leveraging ChatGPT for teaching, learning and evaluation. Quality Education for All, 1(1), 385-416. https://doi.org/10.1108/QEA-07-2024-0055
Jeon, J., & Lee, S. (2023). Large language models in education: A focus on the complementary relationship between human teachers and ChatGPT. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 1587315892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639023-11834-1
Jukiewicz, M. (2024). The future of grading programming assignments in education: The role of ChatGPT in automating the assessment and feedback process. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 52, Article 101522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101522
Koh, E., & Doroudi, S. (2023). Learning, teaching, and assessment with generative artificial intelligence: Towards a plateau of productivity. Learning: Research and Practice, 9(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2023.2264086
Korseberg, L., & Elken, M. (2024). Waiting for the revolution: How higher education institutions initially responded to ChatGPT. Higher Education. Advance online publication. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10734-024-01256-4
Le, T. T. H., & Wan Ahmad, W. A. B. (2024). Leveraging ChatGPT in higher education institutions: Exploring usage, advantages, challenges, and the imperative for policy and regulations. In M. F. b. Romlie, S. H. Shaikh Ali, Z. B. Hari, & M. C. Leow (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Advancing and Redesigning Education 2023 (ICARE 2023) (Lecture Notes in Educational Technology). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-974507-4_76
Mogavi, R. H., Deng, C., Kim, J. J., Zhou, P., Kwon, Y. D., Metwally, A. H. S., Tlili, A., Bassanelli, S., Bucchiarone, A., Gujar, S., Nacke, L. E., & Hui, P. (2024). ChatGPT in education: A blessing or a curse? A qualitative study exploring early adopters' utilization and perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(1), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100027
Ngo, T. T. A. (2023). The perception by university students of the use of ChatGPT in education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 18(17), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i17.39019
Oster, N., Henriksen, D., & Mishra, P. (2024). ChatGPT for teachers: Insights from online discussions. TechTrends, 68, 640-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11528-024-00992-9
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. Basic Books. Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Robin, M., Santini, F., Ladeira, W., Sun, M., Day, I., Rather, A., & Heathcote, L. (2023). The role of ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits, challenges, and future research directions. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1). https://doi. org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.29
Royer, C. (2024). Outsourcing humanity? ChatGPT, critical thinking, and the crisis in higher education. Studies in Philosophy and Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11217-024-09946-3
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Uluçay, N. Ö., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations: A systematic literature review. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 524-539. https://doi. org/10.24191/ajue.v20i3.27869
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10.
Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.
Spatioti, A. G., Kazanidis, I., & Pange, J. (2022). A comparative study of the ADDIE instructional design model in distance education. Information, 13(9), Article 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090402
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561 023-00237-x
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Uluçay, N. Ö., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations: A systematic literature review. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 524–539. https://doi. org/10.24191/ajue.v20i3.27869
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10. Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.
Spatioti, A. G., Kazanidis, I., & Pange, J. (2022). A comparative study of the ADDIE instructional design model in distance education. Information, 13(9), Article 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090402
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. B. (2021). AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025
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Nov 21, 2025
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How to Cite
Chakamanont, S., Punyabukkana, P., Sittipunt, P., Wongvises, K., Samoh, A., & Khabuan, S. (2025). Advancing ChatGPT in Higher Education: Beyond Automation in Teaching Practices. AsTEN Journal of Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.56278/asten.vi.3346
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Section 1: Research Articles and Research Briefs
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